Concrete door



June 22, 1965 M. M. ROSENFELD 3,189,951

CONCRETE DOOR Filed Sept. 18, 1962 INVENTOR MORTON M. ROSE/W220 BYMEX/5W ATTORNEY United States Patent M 3,189,951 CUNCRETE D9011 MortonM. Rosenfeld, 271 Madison Ave, Mount Vernon, NY. Filed Sept. 18, 1962,Ser. No. 224,484 7 Qlairns. (Ci. 2tl35) In general, this inventionrelates to a new and improved concrete door. More particularly, itrelates to a concrete door for a bomb shelter capable of withstandinglarge external pressures, providing a barrier to attenuate radiationeffects, and providing an airtight enclosure.

The door of a bomb shelter is necessarily an extremely heavy and ruggedarticle of manufacture. it must be capable of withstanding extremelyhigh pressures from the initial blast of a bomb and additionally mustprovide an airtight seal for the shelter. After the initial blast, itmust also be capable of attenuating the radiation effects of the bomb.To manufacture such a door as a complete unit which would be shipped tothe site of a bomb shelter would be a costly and inconvenient venture. Adoor having the features discussed above would be extremely awkward andheavy to manipulate with any degree of ease.

It would be far better if the door of the bomb shelter could be simplyand easily constructed at the site thereof without the need for anygreat skill on the part of the workman.

Therefore, it is the general object of this invention to provide abetter and stronger door for a bomb shelter.

Another object is to provide a better and simpler door for a bombshelter which may be constructed at the site thereof.

Another object of this invention is to provide a better concrete doormade of precast concrete planks.

Another object of this invention is to provide a better reinforcedconcrete door laced together with steel straps which is airtight, blastresistant, and radiation attenuating. Another object of this inventionis to provide a stronger and simpler concrete door made of a pluralityof plys of reinforced concrete planks.

Another object of this invention is to provide a better concrete doorfor a bomb shelter in which the frame thereof can be hung independentlyof the concrete plank core.

Other objects will appear hereinafter.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention there is shown in thedrawings a form which is presently preferred; it being understood,however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangementsand instrumentalities shown.

FIGURE 1 is a front plan view of a door constructed in accordance withthe present invention.

FIGURE 2 is a top cross sectional view of the door of FIGURE 1 takenalong lines 2-2.

In FIGURE 1, there is shown a bomb shelter door made in accordance withthe present invention and generally designated by the numeral 1%. Thedoor 1i) is mounted on a bomb shelter 12 shown only partially, and isspaced from the ground surface 14. The door is spaced from the groundsurface 14 so as to provide a water barrier between the door and theinterior of the bomb shelter 12.

The door 10 consists of a plurality of reinforced concrete planks 16,18, 2t) and 22 on the front surface thereof. Although the planks 16-22are preferably made of reinforced concrete, they could be made of anymaterial having similar characteristics. That is, the planks must beable to withstand extreme external pressures and provide a barrier toattenuate radiation effects.

The concrete planks 1622 are held in place by a steel frame generallydesignated by the numeral 23. The steel 3,18%,951 Patented ulune 22,1965 frame 23 consists of straight portions 24 and 26 forming side wallsof the frame and straight portions 28 and 30 forming top and bottomwalls of the frame 23, respectively. The walls 2 1, 26, 28 and 31B arepreferably C-shaped steel channels which are butt welded together. Steelstraps 32, 34- and 36 extending between side Walls 24 and as hold planks16, 18, 20 and 22- in place. The straps 32, 34 and 36 are preferablyfillet welded to the side walls 24 and 26. A door pull 35 is welded inplace to side channel member 24. The frame 23 is mounted on the shelter12 by means of brackets 33 and 41). The brackets Fifi and 451 are fiatmetal pieces welded to side wall 26 and to straps 32 and 36respectively.

Brackets 33 and 41B are mounted on the shelter 12 in substantially thesame manner. Therefore, only the mounting of bracket 38 will bedescribed in detail. A wall bracket 42 is bolted in place to the shelter12. The wall bracket 42 has a support 454 for a bracket shaft 46. Thebracket 33 includes two shaft receiving extensions 43 and 5t? which fitover shaft 46. The shaft 46 is of a smaller diameter than the support 44and extends on either side of support 4 1 for a distance equal to thethickness of the extensions &8 and 50. Thus, when the door 143 isopened, the door pivots about shaft 4-6 and is supported by the support14.

The door 111 is adapted to seal an opening 11 in the shelter 12. Asstated previously, the planks 16, 18, 2G and 22 are adapted to be fittedin the C-shaped walls 24, 26, 28 and 30. A second ply of reinforcedconcrete planks is generally shown by the numeral 54 in FIGURE 2. It caneasily be seen that a separate plank 54 is provided for each plank 16,18, 21) and 22. Although the door of the present invention is shown as atwo ply concrete door, it can readily be seen that if thinner planks ofconcrete are available, more plys of concrete planks should be providedso as to make the assembly of the door even easier. The plank 54 is heldin place by side Z-shaped steel walls 52 and 6t}. It should be notedthat suitable Z-shaped steel channels for the bottom and top of planks54 are provided to the rear of the door 10. These Z-shaped walls wouldbe associated with top and bottom walls 28 and 3th in the same manner aswalls 52 and 61B are associated with C-shaped channels 26 and 24respectively. One planar portion of the Z-shaped walls 52 and 61 isfillet welded to the associated planar edge of the C-shaped channels 26and 24 respectively. This is effective to hold the plank 54 in placebetween the side walls 52 and 611 and the planks 15.

if desired, an opening can be precast into the planks 16 and 54 toprovide a means of obtaining air in the shelter 12 when desired. Theopening 56 is provided with a collar 59 and cap 58 to allow selectiveaccess to the opening 56 from the interior of the shelter 12.

A latch 62 is welded to the Z-shaped wall so as to secure the door 16through a latch member 64 to the side wall 65 of the opening 11.

It should be noted that the interior planks 54 extend between C-shapedmembers 2 1- and 26. Therefore, it can easily be seen that if the frame23 were mounted on the shelter 12 without the concrete planks 16, 18,2t), 22 and 54., the planks 5% could easily be inserted into placewithout removing any portion of the frame 23. In fact, the presentinvention contemplates the mounting of the frame 23 including walls 24,26, 28, 3t 52, 6t) and the bottom and top interior walls not shown,straps 32, 34 and 36 with one of the walls 24 and 28 being re moved. itis preferred that for ease of construction side wall 24 rather than 28be chosen for removal. With wall 24- removed, the entire steel frame ismounted. Concrete planks 54 are then positioned in the frame includingside walls 52 and 61B. If additional plys of planks are used, additionalZ-shaped side walls would be neces- 2 sary. These additional plys wouldnot necessitate any change in the order of construction. Side wall 24would still be the only wall necessary to have removed. After the planks54 are in place, the planks 22, 20, 18 and 16 are slid into placethrough the opening provided by the omission of side channel 24. Afterthese concrete planks are in place, side channel 24 is replaced andfillet welded to Z-shaped member 60 and butt welded to top and bottomchannels 28 and 30 and steel straps 32, 34 and 36.

Thus, it will be recognized that the objects of the invention have beenachieved by the provision of a concrete door capable of withstandingextreme external pres sures and providing an airtight seal which may besimply constructed at the site of the shelter. It has not been necessaryto attempt to mount an extremely heavy door to the shelter to achievethis purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the presentinvention, it is only necessary to mount a steel frame to the shelterwall and then with a great degree of ease slide in concrete planks toform the door. After this has been completed, it is only necessary toweld the omitted side channel to the remaining channels and to the steelstraps.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and,accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, ratherthan to the foregoing specification as indicating the scope of theinvention.

I claim:

1. A door comprising a first channel forming an inner periphery thereof,said first channel including a pair of Z-shaped members, each memberhaving a flat wall portion and a first inwardly directed side flangeperpendicular to said wall portion, a second outwardly directed sideflange spaced from and parallel to said first inwardly directed flange,a first ply of preformed building material nested within said firstchannel between the flat wall portions of said Z-shaped members, asecond channel forming an outer periphery of said door, said secondchannel comprising a pair of C-shaped members, each of said C-shapedmembers having a wall portion parallel to the Wall portion of saidZ-shaped members and two spaced inwardly directed parallel side flangesperpendicular to its wall portion, the second outwardly directed sideflanges of said Z-shaped members each being fixedly secured to a channelside flange of one of said C-shaped members in back-to-back relation,said first ply of material being freely removable from said firstchannel through said second channel, and a second ply of preformedbuilding material nested within said second channel between the wallportions of said C shaped members and securing said first ply in saidfirst channel.

2. The door of claim 1 wherein said first and second plys have anopening therethrough and including an annular collar contiguous with theopening, and a cap for covering said collar and the opening whereby theopening through said first and second plys may be covered and uncoveredby selective movement of said cap.

3. The door of claim 1 wherein said second ply has a thickness equal tothe spacing between said C-shaped channel inwardly directed sideflanges, and said first ply has a thickness equal to the sum of thewidth of the wall portion of a Z-shaped member, the thickness of thesecond outwardly directed side flange of a Z-shaped memher, and thethickness of one of the inwardly directed side flanges of a C-shapedmember.

4. The door of claim 1 wherein said second ply consists of a pluralityof planks resting one on the other in said second channel, and aplurality of straps covering the joints between said planks.

5. The door of claim 4 wherein said first and second plys are preformedof reinforcedconcrete, and said first and second channels and saidstraps are steel.

6. The door of claim 1 wherein a planar surface of said second channeland a planar surface of said second ply form the exterior Wall of saiddoor, and a hinge means rigidly secured to said exterior wall.

7. The door of claim 6 wherein a planar surface of said first ply and aplanar surface of said first channel form an interior Wall of the doorand latching means fixedly secured to said interior wall whereby thedoor may be latched only from the inside.

References fitted by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 177,432 5/76Smith 18946 1,609,573 12/26 Priest et al. 50-1l8 1,732,735 10/29 Triller20-65 1,762,662 6/30 MakOWski 50-536 1,764,001 6/30 Blanchard 501191,954,290 4/34 Half 20-35 2,335,555 11/43 Willson 50-536 2,492,422 12/49GOVan 1098O 2,581,234 1/52 Bloom 2039 2,726,424 12/55 Lingle 2O352,805,450 9/57 Schlytern 20-35 2,850,891 9/58 Scheib 50--536 HARRISON R.MOSELEY, Primary Examiner.

1. A DOOR COMPRISING A FIRST CHANNEL FORMING AN INNER PERIPHERY THEREOF,SAID FIRST CHANNEL INCLUDING A PAIR OF Z-SHAPED MEMBERS, EACH MEMBERHAVING A FLAT WALL PORTION AND A FIRST INWARDLY DIRECTED SIDE FLANGEPERPENDICULAR TO SAID WALL PORTION, A SECOND OUTWARDLY DIRECTED SIDEFLANGE SPACED FROM AND PARALLEL TO SAID FIRST INWARDLY DIRECTED FLANGE,A FIRST PLY OF PREFORMED BUILDING MATERIAL NESTED WITHIN SAID FIRSTCHANNEL BETWEEN THE FLAT WALL PORTIONS OF SAID Z-SHAPED MEMBERS, ASECOND CHANNEL FORMING AN OUTER PERIPHERY OF SAID DOOR, SAID SECONDCHANNEL COMPRISING A PAIR OF C-SHAPED MEMBERS, EACH OF SAID C-SHAPEDMEMBERS HAVING A WALL PORTION PARALLEL TO THE WALL PORTION OF SAIDZ-SHAPED MEMBERS AND TWO SPACED INWARDLY DIRECTED PARALLEL SIDE FLANGESPERPENDICULAR TO ITS WALL PORTION, THE SECOND OUTWARDLY DIRECTED SIDEFLANGES OF SAID Z-SHAPED MEMBERS EACH BEING FIXEDLY SECURED TO A CHANNELSIDE FLANGE OF ONE OF SAID C-SHAPED MEMBERS IN BACK-TO-BACK RELATION,SAID FIRST PLY OF MATERIAL BEING FREELY REMOVABLE FROM SAID FIRSTCHANNEL THROUGH SAID SECOND CHANNEL, AND A SECOND PLY OF PREFORMEDBUILDING MATERIAL NESTED WITHIN SAID SECOND CHANNEL BETWEEN THE WALLPORTIONS OF SAID CSHAPED MEMBERS AND SECURING SAID FIRST PLY IN SAIDFIRST CHANNEL.